Iowa State engineers, left to right, John Jackman, Vinay Dayal and Frank Peters conduct research in the Wind Energy Manufacturing Laboratory. Photo by Bob Elbert.
A laser in Iowa State University’s Wind Energy Manufacturing Laboratory scanned layer after layer of the flexible fiberglass fabric used to make wind-turbine blades. A computer took the laser readings and calculated how dozens of the layers would fit and flow over the curves of a mold used to manufacture a blade. And if there was a wrinkle or wave in the fabric – any defect – the laser and computer would find it.
“Waves in the fabric are bad because they can’t take the load,” said Vinay Dayal, an Iowa State associate professor of aerospace engineering. “And if a blade can’t take the load, bad things happen to the turbine,” said John Jackman, an Iowa State associate professor of industrial and manufacturing systems engineering. The two are working with Frank Peters and Matt Frank, associate professors of industrial and manufacturing systems engineering, to operate and develop Iowa State’s Wind Energy Manufacturing Lab.
The lab has been open for about a year and was built as part of a three-year, $6.3 million research project. The study is a joint effort of researchers from TPI Composites, a Scottsdale, Ariz.-based company that operates a turbine blade factory in Newton, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M. The researchers’ goal is to develop low-cost manufacturing systems that could improve the productivity of turbine blade factories by as much as 35%.
The researchers’ tasks include:
• Study how lasers can analyze the fiberglass fabric used to manufacture turbine blades
• Develop technology for the nondestructive evaluation of turbine blades
• Analyze and improve wind blade edges
• Mmake precise 3-D laser measurements of 40-meter wind turbine blades, and
• Develop new fabric-manipulation techniques for automated blade construction.
Dayal said one example of the lab’s capabilities is the ultrasound equipment that lets researchers measure whether there’s enough glue to hold the two halves of a turbine blade together – all without cutting into the blades.
The ultimate goal of the lab research is to make wind energy a more cost competitive. To make a point, Peters pulls out a U.S. DOE bar graph that shows the 2010 cost of wind energy was $0.082/kWh. The department’s goal is to reduce the cost to $0.06/kWh by 2020.
Peters said the lab can help meet that goal in part by developing better, more efficient manufacturing methods. The result could be bigger, longer-lasting wind turbine blades. And that could mean more power at less cost. “Manufacturing in this industry is done largely by hand,” says Peters. “Our goal is to find ways to automate the manufacturing.”
Working with the four faculty researchers are Wade Johanns, Luke Schlangen, Huiyi Zhang and Siqi Zhu, graduate students in industrial and manufacturing systems engineering; and Sunil Chakrapani, a graduate student in aerospace engineering. Funding for the lab has been provided by TPI, the U.S. DOE and the Iowa Office of Energy Independence. Other lab partners include the Iowa Alliance for Wind Innovation and Novel Development and Iowa State’s Center for Industrial Research and Service.
Researchers say the lab has already advanced their understanding of turbine blade manufacturing and is helping to develop automation that could one day be used in manufacturing plants. “In the early stages of the research there were a lot of investigations to understand all the problems we’re addressing,” Frank said. “But now we’re at that phase where real intellectual property is coming out of the lab.”
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